Description

MAX CLR A/B 1/2 Gallon Pint Of MAX CLR PART A And 1 Quart MAX CLR PART B (96 Fluid Ounces Combined Volume) DESCRIPTION FDA Compliant -For Direct Contact, Food Safe Coating Sanitizable Barrier Coating For Direct Food Contact MAX CLR A/B is a two-component epoxy resin system that is produced in compliance with FDA regulations intended for direct food contact coatings and adhesive applications. MAX CLR A/B is thermoset polymer resin that cures crystal clear and demonstrates high chemical resistance to acidic and basic compounds. It is resistant to dilute grain alcohol and can withstand brief contact -(serving duration) with hot fluids (up to 187°F) such as coffee, tea, and soups. The commercial serving temperature of hot beverages (coffee, tea and soups)is 150°F to 167°F. The primary purpose of the MAX CLR resin system is to create a sanitizable coating that demonstrates low extractable of its chemical constituents during direct food contact. Equally, the objective goal of the cured coating is to create a durable barrier when applied onto a porous substrate (such as wood) that prevents absorption of fluids or organic compounds that allows bacterial colonization or microbial growth to occur. All components used to formulate the MAX CLR resin system are in compliance with the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 175 for resinous coatings/adhesive subject to direct and indirect food contact. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Viscosity Density Form and Color 800 – 1,200 cPS @ 25°C Mixed 1.10 g/cc Clear Transparent Liquid Mix Ratio 100 Parts to 50 Parts A By Weight Or by Volume 2:1 (Part A to Part B) Working Time 45 Minutes @ 25°C ( 77°F 100-Gram Mass) Peak Exotherm 70°C ( 158°F , 100-gram mass) Handle Time Full Cure Time 5.5 Hours 36 Hours Minimum @ 25°C ( 75°F ) Hardness 72± 5 Shore Tee-Peel Strength 5.7 Lbs per inch Width Tensile Shear Strength 1,300 psi @ 25°C ( 77°F ) 800 psi @ -80°C ( -112°F ) 550 psi @ 100°C ( 212°F ) Elongation 9.0% @ 25°C ( 77°F ) Compressive Strength 2,200 psi Heat Distortion Temp 80°C ( 176°F ) Other MAX CLR Use And Application High Strength Impregnating Resin For Fiberglass, Carbon Fiber, Kevlar Micarta Impregnating Resin For Knife Making Casting Resin For Lathe Stocks And Blanks For Pens And Knife Scale Strong Adhesive For Structural Bond Of Wood, Metals, Glass And Most Plastics General Resin System For Hobbyist And Crafting IMPORTANT GUIDELINES FOR FOOD CONTACT APPLICATIONS For food contact applications, MAX CLR A/B must be fully cured to ensure no chemical leaching can occur when foodstuffs' come in contact with the cured resin system. Any uncured chemical compounds caused by improperly prepared MAX CLR may be extracted and cause cross-contamination or leaching during food contact. Please review the following and to avoid any curing problems. USE AND APPLICATION Precondition both bottles to 75°F and measure the components accurately at a 2:1 mix ratio; 100 parts resin to 50 parts curing agent. The substrate must be suitable and prepared for the intended purpose of the application. Remove any contaminants that may interfere with the adhesion of the MAX CLR resin system. Exclude the use of materials and components not suitable for food contact (lead-based pigments, harsh cleaners, and unsanitary conditions). Old coatings should be removed to ensure the best adhesion and surface quality. The use of a weighing scale is recommended over volumetric measuring. Any off-ratio excess of either the resin or curing agent can cause poor cure results and cause excessive chemical leaching that can transfer to the food or beverage. Purchase a scale with any of product offering and the shipping cost of the scale is free. Please request a total before paying for combined shipping savings. Any shipping over payments will be refunded at the end of the sale. https://www.ebay.com/itm/222630300203 PRACTICAL GUIDE ON HOW TO USE THIS RESIN SYSTEM Review All Published Data Regarding This Product Proper Usage Data And Other Detailed Information Are Posted At This Page Mix the Resin And Curing Agent Only After The Surface Is Prepared For Application STEP 1. SURFACE PREPARATION The quality of adhesion of any coating or adhesive application is dependent on how well the surface is prepared. The resin system must be able to properly 'wet-out' the surface to form a continuous film. Surfaces demonstrating poor wettability prevents the liquid resin from forming a cohesive bond. Improper surface wetting yields poor adhesion and will delaminate during use. Wetting is the ability of a liquid to interfaces or wet-out a solid surface; its dynamics is expressed as surface tension. A surface that demonstrates low surface tension, such as waxed surface, oily surface or slick plastics like Teflon will prevent the liquid resin to wet-out and cause poor adhesion upon cure. In the same respect, if the surface is coated from a previous application, the epoxy adhesion is limited to adhesion quality of the primary coating is applied over. Make sure to remove any loose or peeling old coating before application to avoid delamination. If possible remove the old coating by mechanical sanding or power washing so the applied epoxy is in direct contact with the base substrate. Applying a coating over an oil-based stain should be avoided. Poor Wetting Of The MAX CLR Resin (Crawling) Due To Oil-based Stain Applied On Wood Applying a coating over a painted, treated or contaminated surface can cause the epoxy coating to retract into a discontinuous application. This phenomenon is called 'crawling' which indicates that the surface is low in surface tension making it difficult for the liquid coating to wet-out the surface. The poor wetting or hydrophobicity is commonly caused by oils-based wood stains and other wood treatments, or if the surface has been previously coated or painted making the surface unwettable. This hydrophobic characteristic is commonly seen in nature. Leaves repel and shed water to keep the surface dry and reduces their chances of infection by fungi or bacteria who love to grow in such conditions. Testing And Preparing The Surface To Improve Wetting And Eliminate Crawling Why Epoxy Coatings Bead-up. Testing & Preparing Surface [isdntekvideo] With proper surface preparation, such as light sanding and solvent cleaning, the surface tension will increase, making it wettable, and epoxy coating can be applied with no film crawling. The Following Surface Preparation Procedures Are Recommended. METALS AND CONCRETE Degrease Metals– Wipe surface with a lint-free rag dampened with Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) or acetone to remove all oil, dirt, and grease. Degrease Concrete- Use 2 cups of TSP (trisodium phosphate) detergent per 5 gallons of hot water and scrub with a stiff deck brush. Rinse with water and allow to dry. Etch Metals – For optimum results, metal parts should be immersed in a chromic acid bath solution consisting of: Sodium Dichromate 4 Parts By Weight Sulfuric Acid 10 Parts By Weight Water 30 Parts By Weight The solution is held at 160°F (71°C), and the parts left immersed for 5 to 7 minutes. Rinse – remove metal parts from etching bath and rinse with clean water. (distilled water is recommended). Etch Concrete- Use commercially sold concrete etching solution (hydrochloric acid based works best). Neutralized per instructions, rinse and allow to dry thoroughly. ALTERNATE PROCEDURE Degrease, scour and dry – Often etching as outlined above is not practical. The metal surfaces may be cleaned by degreasing as noted above, scouring with an alkaline cleanser followed by rinsing and drying. Degrease and dry – Degrease the surface as noted above, sand or sandblast the surface lightly but thoroughly. Rinse with acetone or Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), and dry. GLASS Degrease – With MEK as above, or with a strong boiling solution of a good grade household detergent. Etch – For optimum results, degreasing can be followed by the chromic acid bath outlined above. WOOD Sand – Bonding surfaces should be sanded lightly, but thoroughly to remove all external contamination. Clean – Carefully remove all dust, or particles of wood from sanded areas. A stiff and clean brush or compressed air can be used. PLASTIC Clean – Remove all dirt, oil, or other surfaces contaminated with detergent soap or degreasing solvent and water, followed by thorough rinsing and drying. A solvent that does not have a detrimental effect may also be used. Sand – Surfaces to be bonded should be sanded lightly, but thoroughly to remove surface sheen. Clean – Carefully remove all dust or particles of plastic from the sanded area. A clean brush, lint-free cloth, or compressed air may be used. Flame Treating Slick plastics like HDPE, LDPE, UHMW are low-surface energy substrates. It requires flame treating to promote adhesion. Expose the substrate briefly to a blue flame to increase surface tension wetting and promote Flame Treating Of Plastics To Promote Adhesion Click Play Button To Watch Video Video will open in a new window Using the eBay App? Paste link into a browser window: [isdntekvideo] STEP 2. CHECK THE PART A OR RESIN BOTTLE FOR CRYSTALLIZATION During the winter months, the PART A or RESIN component may crystallize and cause poor cure performance. Our MAX Epoxy Resins are formulated with high purity grade resin polymers which makes it prone to crystallization when exposed to temperatures below 57°F. Crystallization can also occur after the resin has been stored over a period. It will appear as a waxy white mass at the bottom of the bottle. The PART A or resin component must be in its liquid form to homogenously mix with the PART B or curing agent to achieve full cure. DO NOT USE UNLESS PROCESSED View the following video for identification and processing. STEP 3. DETERMINE THE AMOUNT THE BATCH SIZE NEEDED Calculate the amount to be mixed by measuring the length x width x thickness of the area to be coated to obtain the cubic volume of the resin needed. This 96 fluid ounce kit is equal to 173.25 cubic inches Begin by mixing a small batch to gain experience with the polymerization process of the MAX CLR resin system. Blending amounts greater than 1000.0 grams or 1 quart in volume requires careful mixing and ensuring the mixed resin is applied and used within the established working time to prevent exothermic "run-away" reaction. Do not let the mixed resin to sit in mass greater than 10 minutes. The heat generated during polymerization will accelerate the chemical reaction and cause a 'run-away' reaction to occur that can generate temperatures above 300°F and cause an uncontrollable chemical reaction. Mix the proper amount of resin and curing agent and apply within the established working time to avoid causing and exothermic 'run-away' reaction. Use These Factors To Convert Volumetric Or Weight Measurements Fluid Gallon To Volume Conversion 1 Gallon = 231 Cubic Inches 1 Gallon = 128 Ounces 1 Gallon = 3.7854 Liters 1 Gallon = 4 Quarts 1 Gallon = 16 Cups Fluid Gallon Mass Conversions 1 Gallon Of Mixed Unfilled Epoxy Resin = 9.23 Pounds 1 Gallon Of Mixed Unfilled Epoxy Resin = 4195 Grams Take into account that some of the coating thickness will get absorbed into the porosity. Mix a batch of the MAX CLR and apply (brush, roller or squeegee) the mixed coating onto the substrate first, and allow the application to impregnate and absorb into the porosity. Allow to cure until it has set dry to the touch for 8 to 12 hours. The first application seals the surface porosity and prevents further resin absorption and eliminate air bubbles from outgassing from the surface. Coverage Calculation The coating thickness is a big factor that dictates resin coverage per unit volume . For general coatings application, a minimum coating thickness of 0.010-inch or 10 mils is recommended. Thicker coating thickness up to 0.500 mils or 1/2 inch per can be applied; however, consider the exothermic heat the resin produces during cure. The larger the mass, the higher the exothermic temperature is generated, the shorter the working time. Recommended Sealer Coating Thickness: 0.010 inch Typical Top Coat Coating Thickness: 0.125 (1/8) Inch STEP 4. MIXING PROCEDURE The two components must be mixed thoroughly to eliminate problems such as tacky or uncured spots. Use the "two container method" as demonstrated in this video demonstration, which ensures a homogeneous mixture of the resin and curing agent. Click Window To Watch Video Demonstration Best Epoxy Resin Mixing Method -Avoid Tacky Spots \u0026 Less Air Bubble - Improve Cure Performance Video will open in a new window Using the eBay App? Paste link into a browser window: [isdntekvideo] STEP 5. APPLICATION DEMONSTRATIONS Condition the ambient temperature to 75 °F for best results. Ensure that the work area is dust free and well ventilated. MAX CLR is self-leveling and will continue to flow until it polymerization converts it to a solid phase. It can be applied by using a bristle or high-density foam brush/roller or poured into place. MAX CLR is self-leveling, ensure the surface is level and secure any leaks by using tape to create a temporary patch and prevent leakage. When sealing wood substrates, the first application causes 'grain-raising' to occur. Allow the MAX CLR to cure for 12 hours and lightly sand the surface with fine sandpaper to remove the grain raising. For concrete and fibrous surfaces, the top coat can be directly applied with no sanding between coats. What Is 'Grain Raising'? When a liquid is applied over wood, fibers will begin to swell 'grain raising' to occur. Raised grains are small end fibers protruding from the coating causing unevenness. Allow the applied resin to cure and lightly sand the surface using fine-grit sandpaper. Remove dust and debris by wiping with a clean rag dampened with alcohol/acetone. Allow to dry and prevent touching with bare hands. Once the surface is prepared, apply the second coat of MAX CLR This top coat application will yield a smooth blemish free surface. Adding Color To The MAX CLR A/B Epoxy Resin MAX COLOR PIGMENT PASTE KIT 5 Colors In One Convenient Kit Black - White - Red - Yellow - Blue 2 Ounces Per Color Concentrate Includes 5 Yorker Caps For Easy Dispensing High Color Pigment Concentration Precision Milled For Uniform Color Dispersion Specially Formulated For Epoxy Resin Compatibility Complies With FDA Mandates For Food Contact Applications Visit this link for more details; https://www.ebay.com/itm/311946633043 STEP 6. CURING To achieve the best cure results, the ambient condition should be between 75°F and the relative humidity is below 80%. Post Curing at 150°F for 2 hours will accelerate full cure schedule. MAX CLR cures hard after 24 hours @ 75°F cure temperature. Allow it to cure for 3 days before use for direct food contact applications. Wash and rinse with soapy wram water before use. Rinse the cured MAX CLR surface with warm water and mild detergent before use. Application Video Demonstrations ROTO-COATING OF MAX CLR ON WOOD TURNED BOWL Click Window To Watch Video Demonstration How To Apply MAX CLR A/B On Wood-Turned (Lathed) Bowl - Uniform Epoxy Coating Application Technique - YouTube Video will open in a new window Commercial Restaurant Table Top Click Window To Watch Video Demonstration HOW TO APPLY EPOXY RESIN ON TABLE TOPS DEMONSTRATION -With MAX 1618 A/B - YouTube Video will open in a new window EPOXY THICK COATING APPLICATION MULTIPLE POURING - DOUBLE POUR MAX 1618 AB - YouTube Video will open in a new window How To Remove Air Bubbles From Epoxy Resin Coating. Improve Flow And Leveling Of Epoxy Coating. - YouTube Video will open in a new window MAX CLR A/B FOR THICK CASTING APPLICATION CUTTING AND POLISHING Allow to fully cure for 48 hours before polishing or machining. MAX CLR can be cut, ground or CNC milled or lathe machined to shape. High Impact Knife Scale -Direct Casting To Damascus Steel -Crystal Clear Handle Shaping \u0026 Polishing Video will open in a new window Using the eBay App? Paste link into a browser window: [isdntekvideo] Polishing improves scratch resistance. The transparency is also restored after machining by wet sanding and then p olish with wax or polish. Click on the picture to view test video. The video will open in a new window. MAX CLR CUT AND POLISHED Video will open in a new window POLISHING Click on the picture to view test video. The video will open in a new window. HOW TO POLISH EPOXY COATINGS DEGLOSSING Once the MAX CLR fully cures, deglossing the surface to create a satin finish can be easily done using an abrasive pad. In this demonstration, a SCOTCHBRITE pad was used to de-gloss the surface. Note the dramatic decrease in gloss after a light polishing with the abrasive pad. Very-fine sandpaper (wet-sanding) also works well. IMPACT RESISTANCE OF MAX CLR RESIN SYSTEM MAX CLR IMPACT RESISTANCE TEST Video will open in a new window HOT WATER IMMERSION TEST WOOD COATED MUG MAX CLR A/B HOT WATER IMMERSION TEST MAX CLR A/B AVAILABLE KIT SIZES 24 OUNCE KIT https://www.ebay.com/itm/222623963194 48 OUNCE KIT https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947320101 96 OUNCE KIT https://www.ebay.com/itm/222625329068 96 OUNCE KIT https://www.ebay.com/itm/222625338230 1.5 GALLON KIT https://www.ebay.com/itm/222626972426 STORAGE Secure the caps for both bottles after use and store above 65°F minimum temperature to prevent re-crystallization. The resin system will remain viable for at least 12 months or longer when stored properly. The PART A or resin component may 'crystallize' after prolonged storage. Please inspect the PART A bottle for any solid crystallization that will appear on the bottom of the bottle. MAX CLR A/B As An Impregnating Resin For Carbon Fiber COMPOSITE FABRICATING BASIC GUIDELINES By definition, a fabricated composite material is a manufactured collection of two or more ingredients or products intentionally combined to form a new homogeneous material. is defined by its performance that should uniquely greater than the sum of its individual parts. This method is also defined as a SYNERGISTIC COMPOSITION. COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPOSITION REINFORCING FABRIC & IMPREGNATING RESIN PLUS 'ENGINEERED PROCESS' EQUALS COMPOSITE LAMINATE WITH THE BEST WEIGHT TO STRENGTH PERFORMANCE Note The Uniformity Between The Impregnating Resin And Fiberglass Fabric The fiberglass laminate is void-free With respect to the raw materials selection -fabric and resin, the fabricating process and the and curing and test validation of composite part, these aspects must be carefully considered and in the engineering phase of the composite. Step One: Fabric Selection TYPES OF FABRIC WEAVE STYLE AND SURFACE FINISHING FOR RESIN TYPE COMPATIBILITY Fabrics are generally considered ”balanced” if the breaking strength is within 15% warp to fill and are best in bias applications on lightweight structures. “Unbalanced” fabrics are excellent when a greater load is required one direction and a lesser load in the perpendicular direction. Most fabrics are stronger in the warp than the fill because higher tension is placed on the warp fiber keeping it straighter during the weaving process. Rare exceptions occur when a larger, therefore stronger thread is used in the fill direction than the warp direction. SATIN WEAVE TYPE CONFORMITY UNTO CURVED SHAPES Plain Weaves, Bi-axial, Unidirectional Styles For Directional High Strength Parts Use this weave style cloth when high strength parts are desired. It is ideal for reinforcement, mold making, aircraft and auto parts tooling, marine, and other composite lightweight applications. 7544 Fiberglass - YouTube All of our fiberglass fabrics is woven By HEXCEL COMPOSITES, a leading manufacturer of composite materials engineered for high-performance applications in marine, aerospace for commercial and military, automotive, sporting goods and other application-critical performance. These fabrics are 100% epoxy-compatible and will yield the best mechanical properties when properly fabricated. AVAILABLE FIBERGLASS, CARBON FIBER, AND KEVLAR FABRICS HEXCEL 120 1.5-OUNCE FIBERGLASS PLAIN WEAVE 5 YARDS https://www.ebay.com/itm/222623985867 HEXCEL 120 1.5-OUNCE FIBERGLASS PLAIN WEAVE 10 YARDS https://www.ebay.com/itm/311946399588 HEXCEL 7532 7-OUNCE FIBERGLASS PLAIN WEAVE 5 YARDS https://www.ebay.com/itm/222624899999 FIBERGLASS 45+/45- DOUBLE BIAS 3 YARDS https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947299244 CARBON FIBER FABRIC 3K 2x2 TWILL WEAVE 6 OZ. 3 YARDS https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947275431 CARBON FIBER FABRIC 3K PLAIN WEAVE 6 OZ 3 YARDS https://www.ebay.com/itm /311947292012 KEVLAR 49 HEXCEL 351 PLAIN WEAVE FABRIC 2.2 OZ https://www.ebay.com/itm/222623951106 Step Two: Choose The Best Epoxy Resin System For The Application The epoxy resin used in fabricating a laminate will dictate how the FRP will perform when load or pressure is implied on the part. T o choose the proper resin system, consider the following factors that is crucial to a laminate's performance. SIZE AND CONFIGURATION OF THE PART (NUMBER OF PLIES AND CONTOURED, FLAT OR PROFILED) CONSOLIDATING FORCE (FREE STANDING DRY OR HAND LAY-UP, VACUUM BAG OR PLATEN PRESS CURING) CURING CAPABILITIES (HEAT CURED OR ROOM TEMPERATURE CURED) LOAD PARAMETERS (SHEARING FORCE, TORSIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL LOAD, BEAM STRENGTH) ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE The principal role of the resin is to bind the fabric into a homogeneous rigid substrate (OPERATING TEMPERATURE, AMBIENT CONDITIONS, CHEMICAL EXPOSURE, CYCLIC FORCE LOADING) MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION COST (BUYING IN BULK WILL ALWAYS PROVIDE THE BEST OVERALL COSTS) These factors will dictate the design and the composition of the part and must be carefully considered during the design and engineering phase of the fabrication. TOP SELLING IMPREGNATING RESIN SYSTEM MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY A/B Marine Grade Boat Building Resin System, Fiberglassing/Impregnating, Water Resistance, Structural Strength MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY 32-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947109148 MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY 64-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947125422 MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY 1-Gallon Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947117608 MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY 2-Gallon kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311946370391 MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY 10-Gallon Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222624960548 MAX 1618 A/B Crystal Clear, High Strength, Lowest Viscosity (Thin), Durability & Toughness, Excellent Wood Working Resin. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx MAX 1618 A/B 48-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222627258390 MAX 1618 A/B 3/4-Gallon Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222625113128 MAX 1618 A/B 3/4-Gallon Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222627258390 MAX 1618 A/B 1.5-Gallon Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311946441558 MAX CLR A/B Water Clear Transparency, Chemical Resistance, FDA Compliant For Food Contact, High Impact, Low Viscosity MAX CLR A/B 24-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222623963194 MAX CLR A/B 48-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947320101 MAX CLR A/B 96-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222625329068 MAX CLR A/B 96-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222625338230 MAX CLR A/B 1.5-Gallon Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222626972426 MAX GRE A/B GASOLINE RESISTANT EPOXY RESIN Resistant To Gasoline/E85 Blend, Acids & Bases, Sealing, Coating, Impregnating Resin MAX GRE A/B 48-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311946473553 MAX GRE A/B 96-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/311947247402 MAX HTE A/B HIGH-TEMPERATURE EPOXY Heat Cured Resin System For Temperature Resistant Bonding, Electronic Potting, Coating, Bonding MAX HTE A/B 80-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222624247814 MAX HTE A/B 40-Ounce Kit https://www.ebay.com/itm/222624236832 Step Three: Proper Lay-Up Technique -Putting It All Together Pre-lay-up notes Lay out the fabric and pre-cut to size and set aside Avoid distorting the weave pattern as much as possible For fiberglass molding, ensure the mold is clean and adequate mold release is used View our video presentation above "MAX EPOXY RESIN MIXING TECHNIQUE" Mix the resin only when all needed materials and implements needed are ready and within reach. Mix the proper amount of resin needed and be accurate proportioning the resin and curing agent. Adding more curing agent than the recommended mix ratio will not promote a faster cure. Over saturation or starving the fiberglass or any composite fabric will yield poor mechanical performance. When mechanical load or pressure is applied to the composite laminate, the physical strength of the fabric should bear the stress and not the resin. If the laminate is over saturated with the resin it will most likely to fracture or shatter instead of rebounding and resist damage. Don’t how much resin to use to go with the fiberglass? A good rule of thumb is to maintain a minimum of 30 to 35% resin content by weight. This is the optimum ratio used in high-performance prepreg (or pre-impregnated fabrics) typically used in aerospace and high-performance structural application. For general hand lay-ups, calculate using 60% fabric weight to 40% resin weight as a safety factor. This will ensure that the fabricated laminate will be below 40% resin content depending on the waste factor accrued during fabrication. Place the entire pre-cut fiberglass to be used on a digital scale to determine the fabric to resin weight ratio. Measuring by weight will ensure accurate composite fabrication and repeatability, rather than using OSY (ounces per square yard) or GSM ( grams per meter square) data. THE USE OF A WEIGHING SCALE IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Purchase this scale with any of our product offering and the shipping cost of the scale is free. https://www.ebay.com/itm/222630300203 A good rule of thumb is to maintain a minimum of 30 to 35% resin content by weight, this is the optimum ratio used in high-performance prepreg (or pre-impregnated fabrics) typically used in aerospace and high-performance structural application. For general hand lay-ups, calculate using 60% fabric weight to 40% resin weight as a safety factor. This will ensure that the fabricated laminate will be below 40% resin content depending on the waste factor accrued during fabrication. Place the entire pre-cut fiberglass to be used on a digital scale to determine the fabric to resin weight ratio. Measuring by weight will ensure accurate composite fabrication and repeatability, rather than using OSY data. Typical fabric weight regardless of weave pattern 1 ounce per square yard is equal to 28.35 grams 1 square yard equals to 1296 square inches (36 inches x 36 inches) FOR EXAMPLE 1 yard of 8-ounces per square yard (OSY) fabric weighs 226 grams 1 yard of 10-ounces per square yard (OSY) fabric weighs 283 grams Ounces per square yard or OSY is also known as aerial weight, which is the most common unit of measurement for composite fabrics. To determine how much resin is needed to adequately impregnate the fiberglass, use the following equation: (Total Weight of Fabric divided by 60%)X( 40%)= weight of mixed resin needed OR fw= fabric weight rc= target resin content rn=resin needed MASTER EQUATION (fw/60%)x(40%)=rn FOR EXAMPLE 1 SQUARE YARD OF 8-OSY FIBERGLASS FABRIC WEIGHS 226 GRAMS (226 grams of dry fiberglass / 60%) X 40% = 150.66 grams of resin needed So for every square yard of 8-ounce fabric, it will need 150.66 grams of mixed resin. Computing For Resin And Curing Agent Amount 150.66 grams of resin needed MIX RATIO OF RESIN SYSTEM IS 2:1 Or 50 PHR (per hundred resin) 2 = 66.67% (2/3)+1 = 33.33%(1/3) = (2+1)=3 or (66.67%+33.33%)=100% or (2/3+1/3)= 3/3 150.66 x 66.67%= 100.45 grams of Part A RESIN 150.66 x 33.33%= 50.21 grams of Part B CURING AGENT 100.45 + 50.21 = 150.66 A/B MIXTURE GENERAL LAY-UP PROCEDURE Apply the mixed resin onto the surface and then lay the fabric and allow the resin to saturate through the fabric. NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND This is one of the most common processing error that yields sub-standard laminates. By laying the fiberglass onto a layer of the prepared resin, less air bubbles are entrapped during the wetting-out stage. Air is pushed up and outwards instead of forcing the resin through the fabric which will entrap air bubbles. This technique will displace air pockets unhindered and uniformly disperse the impregnating resin throughout the fiberglass. HAND LAY-UP TECHNIQUE Eliminating air entrapment or void porosity in an epoxy/fiberglass lay-up process Fiberglass Hand Lay Up For Canoe and Kayak Building Video will open in a new window Basic Hand Lay-up Fiberglassing Video will open in a new window VACUUM BAGGING PROCESS For performance critical application used in aerospace vehicles, composite framing for automotive vehicles and marine vessels, a process called 'Vacuum Bagging' is employed to ensure the complete consolidation of every layer of fabric. The entire tooling and lay-up are encased in an airtight envelope or bagging and a high-efficiency vacuum pump is used to draw out the air within the vacuum bag to create a negative atmospheric pressure. Once a full vacuum (29.9 Inches of Mercury) is achieved, the negative pressure applies a compacting force of 14.4 pounds per square inch (maximum vacuum pressure at sea level) is applied to the vacuum bag transferring the force to the entire surface area of the laminate. Vacuum pressure is maintained until the resin cures to a solid. For room temperature curing resin system, the vacuum pump is left in operation for a minimum of 18 hours. External heat can be applied to the entire lay-up, thus accelerating the cure of the resin system. The vacuum force also removes any entrapped air bubble between the layers of fabric and eliminate what is called, porosity or air voids. Porosity within a laminate creates weak spots in the structure that can be the source of mechanical failure when force or load is applied to the laminate. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 1 01325 Pa (1.01325 bar), equivalent to 760 mm Mercury or 29.92 inches Mercury or 14.696 pounds per square inch of pressure. Vacuum Bagging Video will open in a new window AUTOCLAVE CURING PROCESS Autoclave curing processing is the most common method used in the large-scale production of composite products. The Aerospace Industry, which includes space exploration rockets and vehicles, deep space structures, and commercial and military airplane utilizes this composite fabrication process due to the critical nature of the application. The mechanical demands of the composite are often pushed to the upper limits and autoclaved process yields composites with the best weight to strength ratio. BASIC OPERATION OF THE AUTOCLAVE PROCESS In the autoclave process, high pressure and heat are applied to the part through the autoclave atmosphere, with a vacuum bag used to apply additional pressure and protect the laminate from the autoclave gases. The cure cycle for a specific application is usually determined empirically and, as a result, several cure cycles may be developed for a single material system, to account for differences in laminate thickness or to optimize particular properties in the cured part. The typical autoclave cure cycle is a two-step process. First, vacuum and pressure are applied while the temperature is ramped up to an intermediate level and held there for a short period of time. The heat reduces the resin viscosity, allowing it to flow and making it easier for trapped air and volatiles to escape. The resin also begins wetting the fibers at this stage. In the second ramp up, the temperature is raised to the final cure temperature and held for a sufficient length of time to complete the cure reaction. During this step, the viscosity continues to drop, but preset temperature ramp rates and hold times then stabilize viscosity at a level that permits adequate consolidation and fiber wetting, while avoiding excessive flow and subsequent resin starvation. These control factors also slow the reaction rate, which prevents excessive heat generation from the exothermic polymerization process . Upon completion, the cured mechanical performance of the composite is often much stronger and lighter compared to a hand lay-up, or vacuum bagged composite laminate. VACUUM INFUSION PROCESS Vacuum Infusion Process is also known in the composites industry as Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding or VARTM. Similar to the Vacuum Bagging Process where the negative pressure is used to apply consolidation force to the laminate while the resin cures, the resin is infused into the fabric lay-up by sucking the impregnating resin and thus forming the composite laminate. The VARTM Process produces parts that require less secondary steps, such as trimming, polishing or grinding with excellent mechanical properties. However, the vacuum infusion requires more additional or supplemental related equipment and expendable materials. So the pros and cons of each presented composite fabrication process should be carefully determined to suit the user's capabilities and needs. Please view the following video demonstration which explains the process of Vacuum Infusion or VARTM process. MAX 1618 A/B VACUUM ASSISTED RE SIN TRANSFER MOLDING PROCESS CARBON FIBER VACUUM INFUSION WITH EPOXY RESIN - VACUUM BAGGING WITH MAX 1618 EPOXY RESIN - YouTube Video will open in a new window Step Four: Proper Curing Although we have formulated all of our MAX EPOXY RESIN SYSTEM product line to be resistant to amine-blush, it is recommended not to mix any resin systems in high humidity conditions, greater than 60% . Always make sure that the substrate or material the epoxy resin system is being applied to is well prepared as possible to ensure the best-cured performance. Always review the published data and information for proper usage, application, and general safety information. Our expert staff of engineers is always available for consultation and assistance. Allow the lay-up to cure for a minimum of 24 to 36 hours before handling. Optimum cured properties can take up to 7 days depending on the ambient cure condition. The ideal temperature cure condition of most room temperature epoxy resin is 22 to 27 degrees Celsius at 20% relative humidity. Higher ambient curing temperatures will promote faster polymerization and development of cured mechanical properties. IMPROVING MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE VIA POST HEAT CURE A short heat post cure will further improve the mechanical performance of most epoxy resins. Allow the applied resin system to cure at room temperature until for 18 to 24 hours and if possible, expose heat cure it in an oven or other sources of radiant heat. Please Check Out Other Available Resin Systems At Our eBay Store For our complete listing, please Visit our eBay store! DON'T FORGET OUR EPOXY MIXING KIT Everything You Need To Measure, Mix, Dispense & Apply The Epoxy Resin Click The Link To Add To Order https://www.ebay.com/itm/222623932456 Proportioning the correct amount is equally as important to attain the intended cured properties of the resin system. The container in which the epoxy and curing agent is mixed is an important consideration when mixing an epoxy resin system. The container must withstand the tenacity of the chemical and must be free of contamination. Most epoxy curing agent has a degree of corrosivity, as a general practice, protective gloves should be worn when handling chemicals of the same nature. MIXING KIT CONTENTS 1 Each Digital Scale -Durable, Accurate Up To 2000.0 Grams 4 Each 32-ounce (1 Quart) Clear HDPE Plastic Mix Cups 4 Each 16-ounce (1 Pint) Clear HDPE Plastic Mix Cups One Size Fits All Powder-Free Latex Gloves 2 Each Graduated Syringes Wooden Stir Sticks Assorted Size Foam Brush IMPORTANT NOTICE Your purchase constitutes the acceptance of this disclaimer. Please review before purchasing this product. The user should thoroughly test any proposed use of this product and independently conclude the satisfactory performance in the application. Likewise, if the manner in which this product is used requires government approval or clearance, the user must obtain said approval. The information contained herein is based on data believed to be accurate at the time of publication. Data and parameters cited have been obtained through published information, PolymerProducts and Polymer Composites Inc. laboratories using materials under controlled conditions. Data of this type should not be used for a specification for fabrication and design. It is the user's responsibility to determine this Composites fitness for use. There is no warranty of merchantability for fitness of use, nor any other express implied warranty. The user's exclusive remedy and the manufacturer's liability are limited to refund of the purchase price or replacement of the product within the agreed warranty period. PolymerProducts and its direct representative will not be liable for incidental or consequential damages of any kind. Determination of the suitability of any kind of information or product for the use contemplated by the user, the manner of that use and whether there is any infringement of patents is the sole liability of the user.